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Week 12 formative practice

Four lectures, ten questions each. Practice the relationships and clinical comparisons emphasized in the Week 12 transcripts before this weekend’s formative.

These are original predicted practice questions, not actual exam questions or a guarantee of coverage. Choose one best answer per question, then submit to see your score and explanations. Attempts stay here while you switch lectures; leaving or refreshing clears them.

ANI 12.1 — Development and rotations of the GI system

Source: 12_1_ANI_LECTURE_TRANSCRIPT.txt. Recording timestamps appear with the answer explanations. Spleen is included in 12.3, following the instructor’s announced move from 12.4.

Question 1 · Gut territories
Which pairing correctly matches a gut region with its principal arterial supply? A. Foregut — superior mesenteric artery B. Midgut — inferior mesenteric artery C. Hindgut — inferior mesenteric artery D. Hindgut — celiac trunk

Question 2 · Molecular regulation
In the lecturer's simplified sequence of gut patterning, which signal initiates specification before epithelial Sonic hedgehog and mesodermal HOX signaling? A. Retinoic acid B. Insulin C. Bile D. Glucagon

Question 3 · Ventral mesentery
Which pair of adult structures derives from the ventral mesentery? A. Greater omentum and sigmoid mesocolon B. Lesser omentum and falciform ligament C. Mesentery proper and greater omentum D. Transverse mesocolon and splenorenal ligament

Question 4 · Esophageal atresia
A newborn cannot feed, and imaging shows a proximal blind esophageal pouch with a distal connection to the trachea. Which prenatal finding is most consistent with this anomaly? A. Oligohydramnios from excessive swallowing B. Absence of the umbilical arteries C. Premature midgut return D. Polyhydramnios from impaired passage of swallowed fluid

Question 5 · Stomach rotation
After the stomach rotates around its longitudinal axis, which vagal relationship is expected? A. Left vagus anterior; right vagus posterior B. Left vagus posterior; right vagus anterior C. Both vagal trunks posterior D. Vagus replaced by pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 6 · Pyloric stenosis
An infant has projectile nonbilious vomiting and a palpable olive-like upper abdominal mass. What is narrowing the outlet? A. An absent enteric ganglion in the rectum B. A patent vitelline duct C. Hypertrophied pyloric circular smooth muscle D. A defect in the cloacal membrane

Question 7 · Pancreatic rotation
A ring of pancreatic tissue surrounds the duodenum and causes obstruction. Which anomaly is described? A. Meckel diverticulum B. Annular pancreas C. Omphalocele D. Esophageal atresia

Question 8 · Midgut rotation
Viewed from the anterior aspect of the embryo, the midgut normally rotates by what total amount around the SMA? A. 90 degrees clockwise B. 180 degrees clockwise C. 360 degrees counterclockwise D. 270 degrees counterclockwise

Question 9 · Abdominal wall defects
A newborn has bowel protruding lateral to the umbilicus without a covering sac. Which diagnosis best fits? A. Omphalocele B. Gastroschisis C. Meckel diverticulum D. Congenital umbilical hernia covered by skin

Question 10 · Hirschsprung disease
A neonate has a narrow distal colonic segment with dilation of bowel proximal to it. Biopsy shows absent enteric ganglion cells distally. What explains the dilation? A. Excess bile production B. Normal physiological herniation C. Failure of effective propulsion through the aganglionic segment D. Hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter

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How these questions were selected

Only the four Week 12 ANI lecture transcripts were used. Questions prioritize explicit instructor emphasis, repeated comparisons, anatomical relationships, and clinical examples. Each explanation includes the relevant recording time and the reason the topic was selected.

Transcription errors and verbal slips were normalized to standard anatomical terminology. The questions avoid disputed statements in the recordings, including the ilioinguinal nerve entering the deep ring, a normal columnar lining throughout the lower esophagus, and a dedicated bicarbonate-only accessory pancreatic duct. The spleen is an intraperitoneal lymphoid organ, rather than a retroperitoneal lymph node. The instructor corrects the abdominal lymph drainage discussion at 49:25–49:40 in 12.4: most abdominal lymph returns through the thoracic duct.

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