Learn / FMK
Every FMK condition
299 diseases, deficiencies, toxicities and drug mechanisms harvested from every FMK deck — the ones sprinkled through a single bullet as much as the ones with their own slide. Pick what you're given and what you have to name, or let it cycle; distractors come from the same category so you have to discriminate (hypoketotic vs. ketotic hypoglycemia, which GSD, which urea-cycle enzyme…). Every answer shows the whole card with the lecture and slide.
Vitamin · FMK 03.4
Wernicke encephalopathy Acquired / not inherited
Defect / target: Thiamine deficiency → PDH / α-KG dehydrogenase / transketolase failure
Mechanism: Chronic alcohol use (poor nutrition, impaired absorption) depletes thiamine, blocking mitochondrial energy production and causing neuronal necrosis in high-metabolic-demand regions.
↑ Accumulates: pyruvate, lactate· ↓ Deficient: thiamine, ATP
Presentation: classic triad (only ~10% have all three): confusion/altered mental status, ophthalmoplegia (lateral gaze palsy), ataxia
Labs: ↓ erythrocyte transketolase activity
Treatment: IV thiamine before or with glucose; glucose first can precipitate/worsen encephalopathy
WE = OCA: Ophthalmoplegia, Confusion, Ataxia
Learn the mechanism: PDH & TCA cycle →Reasoning case →
FMK 03.4 Fructose, Galactose & Ethanol Metabolism · slide 19, 22, 23, 25; FMK 02.4 slide 18