Learn / FMK
Every FMK condition
299 diseases, deficiencies, toxicities and drug mechanisms harvested from every FMK deck — the ones sprinkled through a single bullet as much as the ones with their own slide. Pick what you're given and what you have to name, or let it cycle; distractors come from the same category so you have to discriminate (hypoketotic vs. ketotic hypoglycemia, which GSD, which urea-cycle enzyme…). Every answer shows the whole card with the lecture and slide.
Toxin/Drug · FMK 02.4
Valproate (VPA) hepatotoxicity / mitochondrial toxicity Acquired / not inherited
Defect / target: Impairs mitochondrial β-oxidation; inhibits urea cycle enzymes
Mechanism: Valproate impairs β-oxidation and urea cycle function, causing Reye-like hepatotoxicity and hyperammonemia, especially in children under 2.
↑ Accumulates: NH₃· ↓ Deficient: carnitine
Presentation: hepatotoxicity (Reye-like), hyperammonemia, encephalopathy, weight gain
Labs: ↑ NH₃, ↑ LFTs, low carnitine
Treatment: caution in children <2 years
Learn the mechanism: Electron transport & OXPHOS →
FMK 02.4 Mitochondrial Metabolism and Energy Disorders · slide 23