Learn / FMK
Every FMK condition
299 diseases, deficiencies, toxicities and drug mechanisms harvested from every FMK deck — the ones sprinkled through a single bullet as much as the ones with their own slide. Pick what you're given and what you have to name, or let it cycle; distractors come from the same category so you have to discriminate (hypoketotic vs. ketotic hypoglycemia, which GSD, which urea-cycle enzyme…). Every answer shows the whole card with the lecture and slide.
Toxin/Drug · FMK 08.1
Sulfonamides (PABA analogs) Acquired / not inherited
Defect / target: Competitive inhibition of bacterial folate synthesis (dihydropteroate synthase) as structural analogs of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
Mechanism: Bacteria must synthesize folate de novo because they cannot absorb preformed folate, whereas humans obtain folate from the diet, so blocking sequential steps in bacterial folate synthesis is selectively antibacterial.
· ↓ Deficient: Bacterial folate (and therefore bacterial purine/thymidylate synthesis)
Presentation: Used for: UTIs, PCP (with trimethoprim); side effects: rash/hypersensitivity, kernicterus in neonates, crystalluria
Selective toxicity: humans get folate from the diet; bacteria must make their own
Learn the mechanism: Purine synthesis & salvage →
FMK 08.1 Nucleic Acid Metabolism; FMK 06.5 Gene Regulation – Prokaryotes · slide 08.1 slides 9, 29; 06.5 'Eukaryote vs Prokaryote'