Learn / FMK
Every FMK condition
299 diseases, deficiencies, toxicities and drug mechanisms harvested from every FMK deck — the ones sprinkled through a single bullet as much as the ones with their own slide. Pick what you're given and what you have to name, or let it cycle; distractors come from the same category so you have to discriminate (hypoketotic vs. ketotic hypoglycemia, which GSD, which urea-cycle enzyme…). Every answer shows the whole card with the lecture and slide.
Toxin/Drug · FMK 02.4
NRTI mitochondrial toxicity (zidovudine, stavudine) Acquired / not inherited
Defect / target: Mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ inhibition
Mechanism: NRTIs inhibit pol-γ, depleting mtDNA and ETC subunits, causing OXPHOS failure in muscle, liver and nerves.
↑ Accumulates: lactate· ↓ Deficient: mtDNA, ETC subunits
Presentation: myopathy, lactic acidosis, hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), peripheral neuropathy; stavudine highest risk
Labs: ↑ lactate, ↑ CK, ↑ LFTs
Treatment: Switch drug; monitor lactate
Learn the mechanism: Electron transport & OXPHOS →
FMK 02.4 Mitochondrial Metabolism and Energy Disorders · slide 23, 25