Learn / FMK
Every FMK condition
299 diseases, deficiencies, toxicities and drug mechanisms harvested from every FMK deck — the ones sprinkled through a single bullet as much as the ones with their own slide. Pick what you're given and what you have to name, or let it cycle; distractors come from the same category so you have to discriminate (hypoketotic vs. ketotic hypoglycemia, which GSD, which urea-cycle enzyme…). Every answer shows the whole card with the lecture and slide.
Carbohydrate · FMK 01.2
Lactose intolerance (lactase deficiency) Acquired / not inherited
Defect / target: Lactase (brush-border alpha-glucosidase/disaccharidase)
Mechanism: Without lactase, lactose is not split into glucose + galactose, passes to the colon where it draws water osmotically and is fermented by bacteria.
↑ Accumulates: Undigested lactose in gut lumen; bacterial H2, CH4, CO2 gas· ↓ Deficient: Lactase
Presentation: Osmotic diarrhea, bloating, cramping, flatulence after dairy; ~70% of global population lactose intolerant past infancy
Labs: Positive hydrogen breath test (oral tolerance test), stool osmotic gap, acidic stool
Treatment: Avoid lactose, lactase supplements
Undigested disaccharide -> osmotic diarrhea + CO2/CH4/H2
Learn the mechanism: Galactose metabolism (Leloir pathway) →
FMK 01.2 Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids; FMK 01.6 Carbohydrate Digestion & Absorption · slide 01.2: 10; 01.6: ~20