Learn / FMK
Every FMK condition
299 diseases, deficiencies, toxicities and drug mechanisms harvested from every FMK deck — the ones sprinkled through a single bullet as much as the ones with their own slide. Pick what you're given and what you have to name, or let it cycle; distractors come from the same category so you have to discriminate (hypoketotic vs. ketotic hypoglycemia, which GSD, which urea-cycle enzyme…). Every answer shows the whole card with the lecture and slide.
Mitochondrial · FMK 02.4
Ischemia-reperfusion injury Acquired / not inherited
Defect / target: ETC stops without O₂; burst of ROS when O₂ returns
Mechanism: Ischemia depletes ATP (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase failure, cell swelling, Ca²⁺ influx, lactic acidosis); reperfusion causes a sudden ROS burst (superoxide, hydroxyl radical) that damages proteins, lipids and DNA and may exceed the ischemic injury.
↑ Accumulates: lactate, AMP, NADH, ROS, Ca²⁺· ↓ Deficient: ATP
Presentation: MI/STEMI (PCI reperfusion), ischemic stroke (tPA window, penumbra vs core), organ transplant (cold storage, antioxidants)
Labs: ↑ lactate
Treatment: timely reperfusion (benefit outweighs injury), cold storage/antioxidants in transplant; ROS defense by SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase
Learn the mechanism: Electron transport & OXPHOS →
FMK 02.4 Mitochondrial Metabolism and Energy Disorders · slide 22; FMK 02.1 slide 23